PICALM and Alzheimer disease: For example, Fransquet et al. (2020)8 observed the majority of differentially methylated CpGs between dementia cases at diagnosis and controls in their study also had lower methylation levels in the cases; Madrid et al. (2018)12 discovered hypomethylated CpGs in the B3GALT4 and ZADH2 genes in patients with late-onset AD; Mitsumori et al. (2020)13 identified and replicated lower DNA methylation levels in CpG island shores of CR1, CLU, and PICALM genes in the blood of Japanese AD patients.