Compared with CD-fed mice, HFD-fed mice showed increased blood levels of glucose and insulin under fasting conditions and increased plasma HOMA-IR, an indicator of insulin resistance (Fig. 2D, Supplementary Fig. 8A, B); administration of B. wexlerae decreased these diabetes indicators in HFD-fed mice (Fig. 2D, Supplementary Fig. 8A, B). This evidence concerns the gene INS and Insulin resistance.