CCL2 and melanoma: When we challenged the migration/invasion of melanoma cells by seeding murine brain endothelial cells (mBECs) on the Transwell upper chamber, the neutralization of MCP-1 in astrocytes pretreated with bindarit inhibited melanoma transendothelial cell migration (nearly 15% in D4M.3A and 50% in B16-F10) (Supplemental Figure 12A).