CCL5 and melanoma: The secretion levels of 6 out of 100 cytokines involved in tissue damage response and cell chemotaxis (i.e., MCP-1/CCL2, RANTES/CCL5, GRO-α/CXCL1, SERPIN E1/plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 [PAI-1], IL-6, and IL-8/macrophage inflammatory protein 2 [MIP-2]), were upregulated (2, 2.1, 1.7, 1.1, 1.4, and 1.6 average fold increase, respectively) in astrocytes grown in CM of several melanoma cell lines (B16-F10, A375, 131/4-5B1, WM115, and D4M.3A) (Figure 1C, representative array membranes shown in Supplemental Figure 7A).