HMGA2 (High-mobility group AT-hook 2) is a transcription factor that is induced by the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway and is also reported to be upregulated in pulmonary fibrosis (Pandit et al., 2010; Song et al., 2013) and inhibit bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis (Wang et al., 2016). This evidence concerns the gene SMAD3 and pulmonary fibrosis.