TGFB1 and neoplasm: I. Acerbi et al. team have found that the greatest number of infiltrating macrophages and the highest level of TGF-β signaling within the cells at the invasive front, in addition, stroma stiffness and the level of cellular TGF-βsignaling were positively related to each other, and infiltrating tumor-activated macrophages, which was correlated with tumor subtypes [36].