Influenza virus-induced ARDS is generally associated with the secretion of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), IL-1β, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and IL-12 (34, –, 37), along with the recruitment and function of macrophages, neutrophils, and monocytes (38, –, 42). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL8 and acute respiratory distress syndrome.