GPT and Insulin resistance: After a 5-weeks treatment of malonyl ginsenosides from P. quinquefolius, the fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels were significantly reduced and glucose tolerance and insulin resistance were improved (Liu et al., 2021).