TNF and Sepsis: During sepsis, Kupffer cells activate the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and thereafter accelerate the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, which constitute a cytokine cascade that causes tissue apoptosis and potentially multiple organ dysfunctions [3–5].