When combined with a TP53 knockout mutation (TP53 cKO), mice developed HGG brainstem tumors that closely mimicked traits of human DIPG (brain infiltration, variable astrocyte differentiation, nuclear staining of Olig2); in addition, the cells robustly expressed PDGFRA in the cytoplasm (42). This evidence concerns the gene TP53 and brainstem neoplasm.