TWIST1 and posterior cortical atrophy: We also observed that both PCa cell lines gain aggressive properties when in contact with PPAT explants because expression of genes implicated in proliferation such as estrogen-related receptor alpha (ESRRA) [23] and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) [24] or involved in migration like twist family BHLH transcription factor 1 (TWIST1) [25] were clearly upregulated.