TNF and colonic neoplasm: In 15-d male and female broilers, the CN diet upregulated STEAP4, which plays a role in the response to chronic inflammation in colon cancer [64], the suppression or inhibition of cytokine production and signaling (IL-6 and TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling [65]), the response to nutrients, oxidative stress, fatty acid metabolism, and glucose metabolism [66].