Deregulated genes and pathways in manifesting GBA-carriers highlighted molecular mechanisms previously associated with PD pathogenesis in other cellular or animal models, such as the endo-lysosomal pathway, the mitochondrial pathway, inflammatory markers as well as genes related to monogenic forms of PD and PD GWAS (such as BST1 and SNCA) (Fig. 2a) [38, 67–69]. This evidence concerns the gene SNCA and Parkinson disease.