TWIST1 and renal fibrosis: In addition, it has been found that in diabetic nephropathy mice treated with oxymatrine, the expression of inhibitor of differentiation 2 (Id2) was significantly increased in the kidney, which suggests that oxymatrine may play a role in anti-renal fibrosis by restoring the expression of Id2 and promoting the binding of Id2 and Twist in the damaged kidney thereby regulating the expression of genes downstream of Twist and inhibiting EMT in tubular epithelial cells [69].