In addition, we have also confirmed in the mdx and mdx/scid mouse models of DMD, that systemic-intraosseous DEC administration resulted in the long-term amelioration of the cardiac, pulmonary and skeletal muscle function which correlated with increased dystrophin expression, improved muscle morphology and reduced mdx pathology (Siemionow et al. 2019, 2021a, 2022). The gene discussed is DMD; the disease is Duchenne muscular dystrophy.