Comparison of the gene signatures associated with IPF-BV compared with CTRL-BV ROI identified a number of genes and gene sets with differential expression, with latent TGFβ binding protein 1 (LTBP1) and IL11 receptor alpha (IL11RA) being upregulated in IPF blood vessels compared with control vessels (Figures S3E and S3F). Here, IL11RA is linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.