IFNG and tuberculosis: Similarly, in previous studies, IFN-gamma production was significantly improved at 2 months and 6 months follow-up of TB treatment [62], and IL-17 increased at 6 months of TB treatment [63], which further supports our findings that TB protective immunity could be restored with anti-TB treatment by improving IFN-gamma and IL-17A cytokine responses in helminth negative TB patients, and that anti-TB treatment-induced improvement of the Th1 and Th17 response could be altered by certain helminths species such as S. mansoni.