The ENTPD1 (ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 or CD39) gene has an impact on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and regulation of pro-inflammatory responses and pathogen colonization [52–54], as does the SLC22A23 (Solute Carriers family) gene, which is associated with intestinal inflammation in human [55]. Here, ENTPD1 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.