Sriram et al. [35] found that the expression of LDHA-catalyzed conversion of pyruvate to lactate varied among tumor lines, and HP- [1-13C]-pyruvate MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging were used to differentiate between benign renal tumors and renal cell carcinomas by tumor [1-13C]-pyruvate conversion rate, LDHA expression rate, and [1-13C]-lactate apparent diffusion coefficient values to assess the aggressiveness of renal tumors and to guide the corresponding clinical treatment. Here, LDHA is linked to renal cell carcinoma.