Moreover, neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade was associated with upregulation of T cell- and interferon-γ-related gene expression, downregulation of cell-cycle-related genes, focal induction of PD-L1 in the tumor microenvironment, enhanced clonal expansion of T cells, decreased PD-1 expression on peripheral blood T cells and decreasing monocytic population- all signs indicating improved immunological response. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.