Furthermore, the proportion of Ki-67+ proliferative tumor cells in the N/O/Hydrogel group was 44.33% ± 4.04%, compared to 83.33% ± 3.05%, 82.66% ± 2.52% and 69.67% ± 5.03% in the control, Blank-NPs/Hydrogel and NCTD/L-OHP groups respectively (P < 0.0001), suggesting that N/O/Hydrogel can significantly inhibit tumor cell proliferation (Figure 7B). Here, MKI67 is linked to neoplasm.