CD4 and neoplasm: As shown in Fig. 8b, both single PDT and anti-CTLA4 antibodies treatment resulted in insignificant increase of helper T cells (CD4+ T cells) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) (CD8+ T cells) in tumor, whereas the combination treatment (including the (PDT + CTLA-4)-gel multi laser treatment and PDT + CTLA4 + PD-L1)-gel multi laser treatment) significantly increased the amount of CTLs in tumor microenvironment (Fig. 8b).