CXCL11 and neoplasm: We found that TDO2+ myofibroblasts expressed high levels of CXCL9/-10/-11 and attracted both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells mainly through the CXCL9/CXCL10/CXCL11/CXCR3 axis, which seemed to contribute to the “inflamed” TME of OSCC, but further analysis revealed that TDO2+ myofibroblasts mainly resided in the distal area of tumor nests, and the T cells surrounding TDO2+ myofibroblasts had inhibitory phenotypes and rarely infiltrated into tumor nests.