MRSA pneumonia was associated with high concentrations in BALF of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) (Fig. 2K and L) and chemokines (CXCL2, CXCL5) (Fig. 2M and N). Here, TNF is linked to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Pneumonia.