GSDMD and nephritis: The results of this study showed that the expression of Nrf2 in the kidney tissue of DN golden hamsters in the model group was downregulated, and the levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1, and GSDMD mRNA and protein were all increased, suggesting that NLRP3-Caspase-1-GSDMD is the main renal pyroptosis pathway that aggravates kidney inflammation and damage.