In HCC, CAFs could induce chemotaxis of neutrophils through the stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1a/CXCR4 pathway and promote PDL1 expression in neutrophils, the recruited neutrophils exerted immunosuppressive function by inhibiting the T cell immunity via the IL6-STAT3-PDL1 signaling pathway [79]. Here, CXCL12 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.