In preclinical studies using HCC cell lines, proteasome inhibitors have been reported to induce various anti-tumor responses, such as cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, repression of NFκB signaling, and inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition [24, 25]. Here, NFKB1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.