Five of the ARS genes, AARS1 (OMIM #613,287), GARS1 (OMIM #600,794 and #601,472), HARS1 (OMIM #616,625), YARS1 (OMIM #608,323) and WARS1 (OMIM #617,721), encoding alanyl-, glycyl-, histidyl-, tyrosyl- and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetases, are strongly linked to peripheral neuropathy [6–10], while the evidence that MARS1 (OMIM #616,280), encoding methionyl-tRNA synthetase, plays a role in peripheral neuropathy remains preliminary [11, 12]. The gene discussed is MARS1; the disease is peripheral neuropathy.