VCAM1 and retinal disorder: Diabetic patients without retinopathy had significant elevations in the serum levels of AGEP (1077.60%, p < 0.0001) and VCAM-1 (223.29%, p < 0.0001) in association with a significant reduction in the serum level of CTRP3 (40.09%, p < 0.0001), compared to the control subjects.