TRIM32 and heart disorder: 2016). TRIM32 can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and neuronal apoptosis in an in vitro cerebral I/R model (Wei et al. 2019). Recent studies have revealed that TRIM proteins are important regulators in the pathological process of heart diseases. For example, TRIM8 is remarkably up-regulated in I/R-injured cardiomyocytes, and can induce ROS generation and cell apoptosis (Dang et al. 2020). TRIM33 can enhance oxidative stress via mediating the ubiquitination of antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) during myocardial I/R injury (Jian et al. 2016).