Currently, vaccines using GM-CSF or Flt3L as adjuvants have been demonstrated to be safe and effective in cancer vaccine clinical studies, but in study with gynecological cancer patients, some patients receiving FLt3L or FLT3L plus GM-CSF as an adjuvant showed autoimmune side effects, such as rash and Sica syndrome (Disis et al., 2002). This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and cancer.