The interaction of HMGB1 with RAGE not only induces the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines but also mediates the upregulation of cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin) expression, amplifying the inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of MS and EAE (163, 164). The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is myeloid sarcoma.