Few publications have focused on B cell biomarkers and PAH in SSc patients: serum BAFF, APRIL and CXCL13 levels were found similar between patients with and without PH (31, 33, 34, 37); but apart from one study that reported an almost-significant correlation between CXCL13 and TTE-estimated systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (37), associations with clinical markers of PH were not studied. This evidence concerns the gene TNFSF13 and pulmonary arterial hypertension.