BNIP3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: The protein levels of P-STAT3 and HIF-1α in the liver tissue of NAFLD mice were significantly increased, and the expressions of autophagy markers BNIP3, Beclin-1, p62, and LC3II and the NF-κB activation marker P-p65 were consequently increased, indicating impaired hepatic autophagic flux and excessive inflammation.