CCL2 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: As shown in Figure 4A, compared with the normal mice, the mRNA expression levels of STAT3, HIF-1α, Beclin-1, BNIP3, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the liver tissue of the NAFLD group mice were significantly increased (p < 0.01), and the expression levels of STAT3-HIF-1α pathway-related genes were significantly decreased after α-GA treatment (p < 0.01).