SMAD1 and cancer: miR-144 significantly inhibits cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion, EMT, and resistance to chemotherapy of cancer via direct targeting genes including B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) (36), human formin-2 (FMN2) (37), nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) (17), Smad1 (38), taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) (39) and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) (40).