In addition, AD patients showed significantly higher rates of TIM-3-positive (TIM-3+) circulating CD4+ T cells (27.2 ± 2.9%vs 11± 1.1%, P<0.0001, Figure 1B and S1).In CD4+IFN-γ+ cells(TH1 cells), rates of TIM-3 expression were more than 3-fold higher in AD patients (17.7 ± 3.6% vs 4.9± 0.9%, P=0.003, Figure 1C, and S2), and rates in CD4+ IL-17A+ cells(TH17 cells) were twice as high, as compared to HC (12.5± 2.7%vs 6.1± 1.2%, P=0.033, Figure 1D and S3) (Table 1). Here, CD4 is linked to Alzheimer disease.