Beside promoting fibrosis, the above-mentioned immune cells may also influence the IgG4-RD immune response by other means such as secreting a variety of immunoregulatory agents: for example, IL-33 can enhance the activation of Th2 cells (32); Baso and monocytes can increase the production of IgG4 after the activation of some specific pattern recognition receptors (10, 38). The gene discussed is IL33; the disease is immunoglobulin G4-related sclerosing disease.