For example, besides in IgG4-RD, IL-33/ST2 axis has been identified to play roles in several fibrotic process related diseases (e.g., pSS), and antibodies targeting have been utilized in the clinical trials of several diseases, including atopic dermatitis, and asthma (80, 85); type I interferon can also exert pathological effects and be the therapeutic target in several autoimmune conditions (e.g. SLE) (86). Here, IL1RL1 is linked to immunoglobulin G4-related sclerosing disease.