DPP4 and chronic kidney disease: Furthermore, Sjogren's syndrome, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, cerebral vascular incidents, chronic kidney disease, tuberculosis, sepsis, herpes zoster, and any oral anti-glycemic agents other than sulfonylureas or biguanides (such as α-glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, or DPP-4 inhibitors) were all similar between these two subgroups in the nested case-control analysis (all p > 0.05) (Table 4).