Due to the central role in regulating fundamental cellular processes, the RTK-RAS-MAPK pathway is the most frequently altered signaling pathway in 46% of all cancer types in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets, and KRAS is mutated in 9% cancer cases with high frequency in PDAC (72%), genomically stable CRC (69%), and NSCLC (33%) 24. This evidence concerns the gene KRAS and cancer.