In lung carcinoma, melanoma, pancreatic carcinoma and ovarian carcinoma, NEAT1, miR-103a, miR-301a, miR-940 and let-7a were shown to regulate macrophage polarization towards an immunotolerant M2 phenotype via mechanisms involving the PTEN, PI3K/ Akt, STAT3 or IQGAP1 pathways, besides others 100, 116-118, 126. This evidence concerns the gene PTEN and lung carcinoma.