Indeed, the identification of the epitopes does not predict how strong the immune response to these peptides will be (3); for example, anti-human ApoB100 specific CD8+ T cells in humanized mice did not result in atheroprotection (136), in contrast to CD4+ T cells reactive to ApoB peptides that, through a detailed phenotypic and transcriptomic analyses of MHC class II -restricted, antigen-specific T cells, were shown to present a pro-inflammatory signature during advanced phases of atherosclerosis (107, 137). This evidence concerns the gene APOB and atherosclerosis.