L. reuteri 6475 can inhibit TNF-α, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, in monocyte-derived macrophages isolated from children with Crohn’s disease, as well as toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4-activated human and murinemonocytoid cell lines (Lin et al. 2008). The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is Crohn disease.