Although we have not identified an endogenous ligand in our study, previous studies have identified endogenous ligands of Dectin-1 in various disease models and cell types, such as Galectin-9 in a model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (Deerhake et al., 2021), annexins on apoptotic cells (Bode et al., 2019), and vimentin in atherosclerosis (Thiagarajan et al., 2013). Here, VIM is linked to atherosclerosis.