ICIs targeting PD-1 (e.g., nivolumab and pembrolizumab) and PD-L1 (e.g., atezolizumab, durvalumab) have been shown to improve survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and have been established as part of standard-of-care therapy since 2015 (5–14). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.