During obesity, the protective interleukins (IL-17-producing Th17 cells, IL-10-secreting regulatory T (Treg) cells, and IL-22) are reduced (127, 134), while there is a more significant release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interferon (IFNγ). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.