NFKB1 and diabetic kidney disease: In DKD, the transposition of NF-κB into the nucleus can activate its target genes, including the inflammatory mediators of its downstream, such as nitric oxide synthase, TNF-β1, IL-1 and ICAM-1, which subsequently cause persistent and increased inflammation leading to overexpression of fibronectin and ECM accumulation in mesangial cells (76).