Deamidated GAD65, IA-2 and proinsulin C-peptide were shown to be autoantigens in T1D, with higher frequencies of memory T cells against deamidated GAD65 and deamidated IA-2 in patients compared to healthy controls and the immune response against deamidated C-peptide dominated by interleukin 10 (IL10) in controls versus IFNγ in T1D subjects (5, 8, 27). The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.