However, the ratios of T-bet/GATA3 and RORC/FOXP3 in T2D patients were not significantly different compared with those of HCs, This discrepancy may be explained by the fact that the pathogeneses of these two types of diabetes are not quite consistent: T1D pathogenesis is mainly caused by immune imbalance, whereas T2D is a disease mediated by metabolic disorders (33).Notably, in a published study, Tim-3 on CD4+ T cells was negatively associated with Th1/Th2 imbalance: blockade of Tim-3 enhanced the production of Th1 responses such as IFN-γ and TNF-α, while it decreased Th2 responses (34). Here, TNF is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.