CD4 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: As is shown in Figure 6, the Tim-3 to Tim-1 ratio on CD4+ T cells from T1D in the remission phase was significantly increased compared to that in T1D (1.39 ± 1.43 vs. 0.92 ± 1.28, P=0.0087) (Figure 6A), while the ratio of Tim-3 to Tim-1 on CD8+ T cells was also increased in T1D during remission (1.10 ± 1.17 vs. 0.67 ± 1.06, P=0.0292) (Figure 6B).