Moreover, Gipc3 mutations induce non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss in humans (Katoh, 2013), and Gipc3 disruption enhances Ca2+ influx and exocytosis in IHCs, reverses the spatial gradient of maximal Ca2+ influx in IHCs, and increases the maximal firing rate of SGNs at sound onset (Ohn et al., 2016). Here, GIPC3 is linked to sensorineural hearing loss disorder.