CCL2 and neoplasm: Kupffer cells can cause transient hepatic sinusoidal blood flow blockage by phagocytosing cancer cells, and the inflammatory response triggered by ischemia-reperfusion injury can further activate KC and release a variety of cytokines [such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6)] and chemokines (such as macrophage-inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), monocyte chemoattractant monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)],thereby activating non-specific inflammatory cells such as NK cells and neutrophils, and enhancing local anti-tumor effects.