PDCD1 and neoplasm: This is because GVAX in combination with PD-1 blockers increases CD8+TILs in PDAC and promotes the activation of CD8+T cells, resulting in the production of more tumor-specific IFN-γ in TME, which will help overcome Tregs, CTLA-4, and PD-1/PD-L1 immunosuppressive pathways (246).