Changes in the microenvironment feedback to TGF-β signaling pathway may lead to tumor cells apoptosis or progression resulting in immunosuppression, they are generally viewed as separate fates for TGF-β-stimulated tumor cells, and opposite poles of the duality of TGF-β in cancer, or induce an EMT that promotes tumor invasion and metastasis and promote CSCs heterogeneity and drug resistance (161, 162). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is cancer.