TNF and neoplasm: NF-κ B-mediated protective factors of apoptosis (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, C-C motif chemokine (CCL)2, C-X-C motif chemokine (CXCL)8 and CXCL10) (32, 33); Angiogenic growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), TGF-β and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) (34–36); And other factors that regulate tissue structure and promote tumor cells migration, invasion and metastasis (37).